Many ships’ voyages lasted much longer than two or three months. Combine this document with any of the following resources for a lesson about childhood in the early colonial period: Life Story: Dennis and Hannah Holland, Life Story: Malitzen (La Malinche), Life Story: Kateri Tekakwitha , The Mourning Poetry of Anne Bradstreet, Life on the Encomienda, Life Story: Lisbeth Anthonijsen, Children at Work, and Education in New France. The Middle Passage If you look at the sea long enough, scenes from the past come back to life. The Middle Passage was a time of extended suffering for enslaved peoples. Children in the New World faced many challenges and dangers.Couple this resource with either of their life stories to enrich student understanding of the lives of colonial enslaved women. Mayken van Angola and Marie-Josèphe Angélique both endured the treacherous journey across the Atlantic as captives.Once students are comfortable interpreting and understanding the data in this ship record, invite them to continue their research on the Middle Passage by finding more voyage records on Voyages: The Atlantic Slave Trade Database.To do more data analysis of the experience of enslaved people who endured the Middle Passage, combine this document with the trade book of the slave ship Rhode Island (Resource 25 in the New-York Historical Society’s New World-New Netherland-New Yorkcurriculum).Ask students to create an infographic of the data on the enslaved people carried by the James to the New World.Include this document as part of any lesson on the Middle Passage or the Triangle Trade. The voyage from Africa to the New World of the Americas was called the Middle Passage.Mothers of young children had to struggle twice as hard to ensure not only their own survival but also that of their children, only to be separated at the slave markets when they were sold to different buyers. Pregnant women received no special treatment to ensure the health of themselves or their unborn babies, and most women who went into labor while aboard a slave ship lost their lives. Women and girls were raped by captors and crews. But traditional historical narratives of the journey tend to leave out the specific horrors faced by female captives. Branded and chained together, they endured conditions of squalor, and disease and starvation claimed many lives.
On large ships, several hundred slaves could be packed below decks. The horrors of the Middle Passage are well documented: cramped conditions, lack of food and water, widespread disease, and abuse at the hands of captors all led to a high mortality rate. Known as the 'middle passage,' this sea voyage could range from one to six months, depending on the weather. Approximately 266,000 were brought to the Spanish colonies during this time. Records indicate that over two million people were forcibly transported across the Atlantic between 15, and only 1.7 million survived the journey. The middle passage of the Triangle Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas carried recently captured men, women, and children from the west coast of Africa to the colonies of the New World.
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